Hallstead – Several Montrose attorneys were over to Hallstead, Monday, to attend the trustee's sale of personal property in the bankruptcy case of Deemer Bros. Co. The personal property consisting of glass cutting machines, cut glass, office furniture, etc., brought $900, approximately, the First National Bank of Hallstead and John E. Clune, who had claims, being the principal purchasers. Glass cutting machines, costing when new $12 to $15, were knocked down at $3 to $4. The real estate will be sold later.

Susquehanna – An auto bus line to Binghamton started last Tuesday, with headquarters here. The Star Co. under the management of Barney Denning, will put buses in service between the two cities: freight will also be carried and regular daily trips made. Beginning June 27th the round trip will be $1.49. A thirty passenger bus will later be put into service. ALSO Dr. W. H. Brandt has received notice from Gen. Gorgas that he will be called into actual service very soon. Dr. Brandt was given a commission as lieutenant almost a year ago and has been awaiting the call since. He is a member of the well-known dental firm of J. S. & W. H. Brandt.

Dimock – July 9th has been appointed as general Clean-up Day at Dimock Camp Grounds. All stockholders and others interested are requested to be there on that date, with tools, teams and lunch to put the grounds in proper shape for the annual meeting.

Clifford – Particulars concerning the death of William Jones could not be obtained. The young man was killed at an aviation camp in Florida on Saturday, but government officials have not yet given out information concerning the accident. The young man's skull was fractured and his back broken, so it is supposed he met death in a fall. His body arrived at Elkdale on June 14th and the funeral services were held from the home of his father, David W. Jones. The flowers were many and beautiful. He was buried in the family plot in the Welsh Hill cemetery by the side of his mother. Services were in charge of the Sons of Veteran's from South Gibson.

Montrose – Capt. C. N. Warner, an alumnus of West Point, attended his class reunion. His first visit was to make a call on a classmate, General Tully McCrea, retired, who during his academy years was George A. Custer's roommate. During the time there he attended the conferring of the diplomas to the class of 1918. He visited the museum and saw many historic battle flags and a part of the staff from which flew the Stars and Stripes at Fort Sumpter. The last day of his stay was to have mess with the cadets. ALSO Miss Amelia Pickett, former librarian in Montrose and Wellsboro, has accepted a position at Painesdale, Michigan, where she will have charge of the Sarah Sargent Paine Library and three branch libraries.

Rush – Charles H. Davis is one of the best shoemakers in this section of the country and enjoys a large patronage. Many local people send their shoes by parcel post and are assured of quick repairs, excellent leather and workmanship, and reasonable prices.

Harford – Notices for bids for school [kid] wagons from Sweets, Harding and Reed schools are now being considered by the school board.

Springville – There will be a meeting in the basement of the M. E. church, when a demonstrator from the Home Economics department will give a practical demonstration of canning and how to use the various wheat substitutes. Every housewife in the township is expected to be present at this meeting, as it is planned by the Food Administration for your especial benefit. Hon. H. A. Denney, food administrator for the county, says: "After July 15th the strictest observance of the use of substitutes and sugar will be made. Until then we will allow the women to thoroughly acquaint themselves with the use of the substitutes. I want every woman in the county to attend these meetings.

Gibson – The 4th of July will be celebrated here with a parade at 3 o'clock. Several of the Red Cross societies of the surrounding towns will take part in the parade, and the following characters will be represented: A marshal, Washington and Lafayette, with their aides, mounted on ponies, carrying the flag; music, Joan of Arc, Red Cross girls singing "America," Liberty, Betsy Ross, "Spirit of '76," Uncle Sam and John Bull, Canada, France, Italy, Greece, stretcher carried by four soldier boys, red Cross nurses, wounded soldiers, soldiers and sailors, service mothers, and service sisters, carrying flags. A community supper will be served in the M. E. church, with ice cream for sale. After supper an entertainment will be given for the benefit of the Ladies' Aid and the Red Cross.

Forest City – J. J. Driscoll was at Garden City, NY, to see his brother who is a member of the aviation corps. Mr. Driscoll was greatly amazed at the preparations for embarkation of thousands of soldiers for somewhere in France. Many planes were soaring over the place, darting higher and thither, up and down and eagerly watched by soldiers and civilians. All was hustle in the camp, with recruits coming in and trained men leaving for action. We saw hundreds of soldiers in the rooms of the U. M. C. A. and the K. of C. Many were sending messages to loved ones at home before leaving.

Thompson – A gentleman's pocketbook, containing money, was found somewhere between the watering trough and C. E. Leach's blacksmith shop. Owner can have the same by calling on Mr. Leach. ALSO The graduates of Mansfield from this place were the Misses Edna Wright, Helen Clark and Doris Crosier.

Uniondale – John Zelinsky found a horse and buggy near his place in Herrick township on Monday morning. The horse was hardly able to travel as the result of hard driving and lack of feed. Mr. Zelinsky got in touch with J. P. Murray, of Forest City, who informed him that the horse belonged to Fowler & Williams, liverymen, of Carbondale. A man named Wayman had hired the horse on Sunday to take him home from Carbondale and a man named James A. Minor went along to drive the horse back. It seems that Minor came back to Carbondale and then drove to Crystal Lake, from thence to Thompson and then returned as far as Herrick Center, where he shipped his valises to Bainbridge, N. Y. He then turned the horse loose and jumped a north bound freight train. The police at Bainbridge were notified to look out for him, where he was arrested. The man had an honorable discharge from the Canadian army and claimed he had been severely wounded in the head while fighting the Huns.

200 Years Ago from the Montrose Gazette, June 21, 1818.

*Died – In This village on Monday last in the third year of her age, Agnes Ann Post, daughter of Maj. Isaac Post.

*William Tellott, Dyer, (from London, England) Most respectfully informs the inhabitants of Susquehanna County that he intends Dying and Dressing Bombazetts, Cotton, Velvets, & whole pieces of silks, black and all other colors—ladies silk gowns and silk shawls, Bombazetts, and ribbons, dyed black, and all other colors; gentlemen's coats, and pantaloons, dyed for mourning on the shortest notice—Cotton dyed light and dark blue, red, and all other colors—linen and tow yarn dyed dark blue and warranted not to boil out—whole pieces of Silk ribbon dyed the most fashionable colors—woolen yarn dyed red, blue, green and all other colors—ladies bombazette gowns dyed black & all other colors to look as well as new—kerseymeres dyed to any pattern and dressed—silk, cotton and worsted stocking dyed black and other colors on the shortest notice. All orders directed to Wm. Tellott, Dyer or to Capt. Sweet, Harford, will be duly attended to. Reference can be given to the above by applying either to Mr. Kingsley, Clothier, or to Mr. Whitney, Clothier, Harford. Harford, June 10, 1818.

In June 2016, Tyler Mangel attended a graduation party in Erie County.  At that party, Nathan Cornell was physically assaulted and suffered serious injuries including a broken nose and seven teeth being knocked out.  Cornell had no prior interaction with Mangel but he was able to identify him as his assailant after being shown pictures that his family had located on social media posts.

The Commonwealth obtained a court order to obtain information from social media accounts that were under Mangel's name.  There were five different social media accounts using the name Tyler Mangel.  As a result, the Commonwealth obtained a variety of social media posts that suggested that Mangel had been involved in the physical assault upon Cornell.  The Commonwealth then sought to introduce the social media information at trial.

In ruling on a pretrial motion, the trial court refused to allow the introduction of the social media evidence based upon the inability of the investigating detective to testify that the posts had been authored or posted by Mangel.  The Commonwealth filed an appeal and the Superior Court noted that it was a case of first impression as to what level of proof was required to authenticate social media posts so as to make them admissible, i.e., what was necessary to prove that the social media posts were authored by Mangel as opposed to a third party.

The Superior Court concluded that authorship remains the crucial question for the admissibility of social media posts.  In this case, Mangel had never admitted that the social media accounts belonged to him nor did he ever admit to authoring the social media content.  The Commonwealth had no testimony from any of Mangel's friends that would have connected Mangel to the social media account and/or its postings.  The Commonwealth had failed to obtain the specific account information from the social media company that related to the creation of the account itself, i.e., there was no evidence that Mangel was listed as the creator of the social media account.

The Superior Court conceded that the social media account had general information that potentially connected it with Mangel such as a similar name, hometown, school district and pictures.  This information was found to be insufficient.  The record demonstrated that there were 5 different social media users with the same name – and one of those accounts listed the same hometown as the account that the Commonwealth was attributing to Mangel.

The Superior Court also observed that there were no date stamps on the social media postings, i.e., there was no way to be certain as to when the posts were made.  The social media posts were also ambiguous and provided no internal basis to conclude that they had been made by Mangel.  While there was a picture of a bloody hand posted on the social media account after the physical assault, this post was made by a third party not identified as Mangel – it simply appeared on Mangel's social media page.

The Superior Court affirmed the trial court's refusal to allow the Commonwealth to use the social media posts and concluded as follows: "The Commonwealth presented no evidence, direct or circumstantial, tending to substantiate that Mangel created the [social media] account in question, authored the chat messages, or posted the photographs of bloody hands.  The mere fact that the Facebook account in question bore Mangel's name, hometown and high school was insufficient to authenticate the online and mobile device chat messages as having been authored by Mangel.  Moreover, there were no contextual clues in the chat messages that identified Mangel as the sender of the messages."

As the use of social media continues to expand and law enforcement seeks to utilize it for evidentiary purposes, the Superior Court's recent decision makes clear that law enforcement must do more investigative work in order to properly authenticate this social media evidence in order to prove authorship so as to permit its admissibility.

The Gleason Twins – Mono in stereo

Mrs. Gleason was in the pharmacy getting her prescriptions refilled when the pharmacist asked how her twin 16-year old girls were doing. "They both have mononucleosis," she lamented. "That wraps up their summer. We canceled their summer jobs at the amusement park. And we scrapped our road trip to the national parks."

Mononucleosis, also called "mono," is a disease usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is very common in teens and young adults. There are more than 3 million cases of mono each year in the US. Because it is transmitted through saliva, mono is also called the kissing disease. The virus infects most people as children when the disease produces few or no symptoms. In young adults, the disease often results in fever, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, and tiredness. Most people get better in two to four weeks; however, fatigue may last for months. The liver or spleen may also become swollen, and in less than 1% of cases, the spleen may rupture. Mono has made its way through schools, families, and even groups of friends. Over 98% of the world's population is infected with the virus even though most do not have symptoms.

The main symptom of mono is a sore throat. This is not the simple soreness that is associated with the common cold. The throat soreness that is caused by infectious mononucleosis is extremely intense. Ingesting anything can become difficult, if not impossible, including the swallowing of one's own saliva. The defining factor that sets the sore throat caused by mononucleosis apart from that caused by a cold is that the other common symptoms of a cold will be absent. There is no sneezing, coughing, or runny nose, as one would experience with a cold. Exhaustion is another crippling symptom of mononucleosis. One may feel extremely fatigued as one does with influenza. The patient will want to stay in bed for as long as the illness persists.

Mono can produce some complications, albeit rarely. Meningitis, blood disorders, jaundice, hepatitis, and even cancers of the blood have been reported. Once the acute symptoms of an initial infection disappear, they often do not return. But once infected, the patient carries the virus for the rest of his or her life. While dormant, the virus typically lives in the B-lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that secretes antibodies. Independent infections of mononucleosis may be contracted multiple times, regardless of whether the patient is already carrying the dormant virus. Periodically, the virus can reactivate, during which time the patient is again infectious, but usually without any symptoms of illness. Even though 95% of all people house the Epstein-Barr virus, the disease is rarely, if ever, fatal.

There is no specific treatment for mononucleosis. Antibiotic treatment does not work against a viral infection. Instead, the patient should get bed rest, eat nutritious foods, and drink plenty of water. Use ibuprofen for mild to moderate pain. Use an antipyretic, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol®) to bring down the temperature and treat fever. In cases that are more complex, patients may be prescribed corticosteroids such as prednisone or methylprednisolone to help control any systemic effects occurring from the virus.

Lisa and Melanie, the Gleason twins will be spending the summer indoors, watching TV, and sleeping. Mom will make sure they eat well and are as comfortable as possible. "Hopefully, they will be well enough to start their high school senior year in September," said Mrs. Gleason.

Ron Gasbarro, PharmD, is a registered pharmacist, medical writer, and principal at Rx-Press.com. Read more at www.rx-press.com